About diffeence type of fources

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Fundamental Forces in nature

The forces which we see in our day to day life like muscular, friction, forces due to compression and elongation of springs and strings, fluid and gas pressure, electric, magnetic, interatomic and intermolecular forces are derived forces as their originations are due to a few fundamental forces in nature.

A few fundamental forces are:

Gravitational Force:

1.  It is the force of mutual attraction between any two objects by virtue of their masses.
2. 
   
3.  It is a universal force as every object experiences this force due to every other object in the universe.

Electromagnetic Force

1.  It is the force between charged particles. Charges at rest have electric attraction (between unlike charges) and repulsion (between like charges). 
2. 
   
3. Charges in motion produce magnetic force. Together they are called Electromagnetic Force.

Strong Nuclear Force

1. It is the attractive force between protons and neutrons in a nucleus.It is charge-independent and acts equally between a proton and a proton, a neutron and a neutron, and a proton and a neutron.
2. 
   
3.  Recent discoveries show that protons and neutrons are built of elementary particles, quarks.

Weak Nuclear Force:

1.  This force appears only in certain nuclear processes such as the β-decay of a nucleus.
2.  
3. In β-decay, the nucleus emits an electron and an uncharged particle called neutrino.
4. 
   
5. This particle was first predicted by Wolfgang Pauli in 1931.

Below table shows difference between the above forces.

Name	Relative Strength	Range	Operates among
Gravitational force	10–39	Infinite	All objects in the universe
Weak nuclear force	10–13	Very short, Sub-nuclearsize (-10-16m)	Some elementary particles, particularly electron and neutrino
Electromagnetic force	10–2	Infinite	Charged particles
Strong nuclear force	1	Short, nuclear size (-10-15m)	Nucleons, heavier elementary particles

Unification of Forces

 There have been physicists who have tried to combine a few of the above fundamental forces. 
These are listed in table below.

Conserved Quantities

Physics gives laws to summarize the investigations and observations of the phenomena occurring in the universe.

• Physical quantities that remain constant with time are called conserved quantities.
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• Example, for a body under external force, the kinetic and potential energy change over time but the total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant.
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• NOTE=Conserved quantities can be scalar (Energy) or vector (Total linear momentum and total angular momentum).