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Potential Difference

The electrical potential difference is defined as the amount of work done to carrying a unit charge from one point to another in an electric field.

In other words, the potential difference is defined as the difference in the electric potential of the two charged bodies.

Potential difference between two points is the workdone per unit charge in taking the charge from one point to another.

NOTE=1 volt is the potential difference between two points if 1 J of work has to be done in taking 1 C charge from one point to another.

As water flows from high level to low level similarly, electric current flows from high potential to low potential.

When W joule of work is done in bringing the test charge Q coulomb from infinity to the point P then the electric potential V at the point P then,
[V= W/Q]

The work needed to move a charge Q from infinity to a point P where electric potential is V will be [W=QV]

The S.I unit of work is joule and that of the charge is coulomb.

The potential difference is expressed in volt (V). The potential difference between two points is said to be 1 volt if the work is done in moving 1-coulomb charge from one point to other is 1 joule.

Electric Potential

If two charged bodies are in contact, the charge starts flowing from one conductor to other. The electric condition, that determines the flow of charge from one conductor to other in contact, is the electric potential

Cell: The Difference of potential may be produced by a battery, consisting of one or more electric cells.

Potential difference across the terminals of the cell generated due to chemical reaction within the cell. When cell is connected to a conducting wire, current flows from high potential to low potential.

Electric circuit

Electric circuit is a continuous and closed path of electric current. For example figure given below shows a typical electric circuit comprising a cell, an electric bulb and a switch.

$D:\Mandeep Kaur\eleccircuits.jpg$

Note: Current flows only if electric circuit forms closed loop.

Circuit Diagram

We know that electric circuit is a continuous path consisting of cell, switch (plug key), electric components and connecting wires. Electric circuits can be represented conveniently through a circuit diagram.

'A diagram which indicates how different components in a circuit have to be connected by using symbols for different electric components is called a circuit diagram.'

$D:\Mandeep Kaur\circuit_diagram.gif$